nounnoun

la somme

sum

C'est le résultat obtenu quand on additionne plusieurs nombres.

Definition & meaning

The word somme has two distinct primary meanings in French, which are distinguished by their grammatical gender:

  1. La somme (feminine): This refers to the result of an addition in mathematics (a sum) or a specific amount of money. It can also be used figuratively to describe a monumental work of literature or scholarship that covers a subject comprehensively (e.g., une somme théologique).
  2. Le somme (masculine): This refers to a short period of sleep or a nap. It is most commonly used in the expression faire un somme, which means to take a nap.

Additionally, Somme (proper noun) is the name of a river and a department in northern France, famously known for the Battle of the Somme during World War I.

Grammar & Word origin

The two meanings of somme come from different Latin roots:

  • La somme (feminine): Derived from the Latin summa, which means "highest point," "main thing," or "total amount." In mathematics, it is the result of adding terms together.
  • Le somme (masculine): Derived from the Latin somnus, meaning "sleep." Over time, the Latin somnus evolved into somme in French to specifically denote the act or a short duration of sleeping, while sommeil became the general word for sleep.

Synonyms & antonyms

For "la somme" (feminine)

  • Synonyms: montant, total, addition, prix, résultat.
  • Antonyms: différence, soustraction, partie.

For "le somme" (masculine)

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Examples

Nous devons payer une somme aujourd’hui.noun

We have to pay a sum today.

La somme est trop grande pour lui.noun

The sum is too big for him.

Peux-tu calculer la somme rapidement ?noun

Can you calculate the sum quickly?

La somme était petite hier.noun

The sum was small yesterday.

J’ai noté les sommes dans mon cahier.noun

I noted the sums in my notebook.

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