das Abitur, -e

The German word "Abitur" is a noun that refers to the final exams taken at the end of secondary school, equivalent to the high school diploma or A-levels in English-speaking countries. It essentially represents the qualification required for university entrance in Germany.

Similar words in German include "Schulabschluss" (school graduation), "Matura" (used in Austria and Switzerland, equivalent to Abitur), and "Hochschulreife" (higher education entrance qualification).

Difference:

• "Schulabschluss" is more general and can refer to any school leaving certificate, not specifically the Abitur.
• "Matura" is region-specific to Austria and Switzerland and not used in Germany.
• "Hochschulreife" is a more formal term and encompasses all forms of qualifications that permit entry to university, not strictly the Abitur.

"Abitur" specifically refers to the type of exam and qualification in Germany, which is widely recognized and standardized.