beirren

The German verb "beirren" means "to mislead," "to confuse," or "to perturb." It comes from the root word "irren," which means "to err" or "to be mistaken." The prefix "bei-" emphasizes the sense of causing someone to deviate or go astray.

Similar words:

• irren – to err or be mistaken
• täuschen – to deceive
• verwirren – to confuse

Differences:

• beirren often implies causing someone to lose certainty or direction mentally.
• irren means simply making a mistake, often without external influence.
• täuschen means active deception or trickery.
• verwirren focuses on confusion, which can be less intentional than beirren.