nun

Definition & meaning

The German word "nun" is a versatile adverb and particle primarily used to indicate time or logic.

1. Temporal meaning: It signifies "now" or "at this moment." It is often used to describe the current state of affairs or a point in time that has just been reached.
2. Logical or transitional meaning: It is frequently used as a modal particle or a connector to express hesitation, to introduce a conclusion, or to shift the topic of conversation. In this context, it functions similarly to the English "well," "so," or "therefore."

Grammar & Word origin

"Nun" is an adverb. It is closely related to the English word "now." In German grammar, it is often used as a particle to soften or add emphasis to a sentence, particularly in spoken language. It is derived from Old High German "nū," sharing the same etymological roots as the Old English "nū" (now).

Synonyms & antonyms

Synonyms:

• jetzt ↗: The most direct synonym for "now" in a temporal sense.
• gerade ↗: Used to emphasize that something is happening at this very instant.
• demnach ↗: Used when "nun" implies a logical conclusion (therefore/thus).
• also ↗: Used when "nun" serves as a filler or transition (so/well).

Antonyms:

• damals ↗: Meaning "back then" or "at that time," referring to the past.
• später ↗: Meaning "later."
• nie ↗: Meaning "never."