verb

aprobar

pass

Dar permiso o decir que algo está bien después de revisarlo.

Aprobar is a Spanish verb with two main meanings:

To approve, authorize, or accept something as satisfactory
- El comité aprobó el proyecto. — “The committee approved the project.”
- It can refer to a proposal, law, plan, budget, or decision.
To pass an exam, course, or subject
- Aprobé el examen. — “I passed the exam.”
- María aprobó matemáticas. — “María passed mathematics.”
- In this sense, it means achieving the required result, not merely attending the course.

It can also mean to approve of or consider someone favorably:

Sus padres no aprueban a su novio. — “Her parents do not approve of her boyfriend.”

Part of speech: verb
Conjugation: regular -ar verb, but with a spelling-related change in some forms:
- yo apruebo
- tú apruebas
- él/ella aprueba
- nosotros aprobamos
- ellos aprueban
The forms with ue come from the historical change in the stem: aprobar → apruebo, but the change does not occur in forms such as aprobamos.
It is normally transitive: aprobar una ley (“to approve a law”), aprobar un examen (“to pass an exam”).
It comes from Latin approbare, meaning “to consider good” or “to approve.” Its historical components are related to the idea of judging something as good or acceptable.

dar por bueno — “to consider acceptable or satisfactory.” This is close to aprobar, especially when evaluating a proposal or result.
autorizar — “to authorize.” It emphasizes giving official permission, whereas aprobar can simply mean expressing agreement.
aceptar — “to accept.” It is broader and does not always imply a formal evaluation or authorization.
pasar — “to pass.” In an academic context, this is an informal or general alternative to aprobar.

desaprobar — “to disapprove” or “to fail.” It is the most direct opposite, depending on the context.
rechazar — “to reject.” It usually means refusing a proposal or request, rather than giving someone a failing grade.
suspender — “to fail” an exam or course, especially in Spain. It is the academic opposite of aprobar.
denegar — “to deny” or “to refuse officially.” It is used mainly for permissions, applications, or requests.