verb

calmar

calm

Hacer que alguien o algo esté más tranquilo, sin nervios o sin agitación.

To calm, to soothe, or to quiet: This is the most common usage, referring to the act of making someone or something peaceful, tranquil, or less agitated. It can be used for people (e.g., calming a crying child) or for things like the sea or the weather.
To alleviate or to appease: In a different context, it refers to reducing the intensity of a physical sensation, a desire, or an emotion, such as hunger, pain, or thirst. For example, "calmar el hambre" means to satisfy or appease hunger.

Grammar: It is a regular first-conjugation (-ar) verb. It is often used as a reflexive verb, calmarse , when referring to a person quieting themselves down.
Word origin: The word originates from the Late Latin calmare, which is derived from the Greek kauma (heat/burning). Historically, it is associated with the idea of the "heat" of the day or passion subsiding.

Synonyms:
- Tranquilizar : To make tranquil or peaceful.
- Aquietar : To bring to a state of quiet.
- Sosegar : To soothe or settle down.
- Aliviar : To alleviate or relieve (used often when referring to pain).
Antonyms:
- Alterar : To disturb or agitate.
- Inquietar : To make restless or anxious.
- Exaltar : To excite or intensify emotions.
- Agitar : To shake or agitate.