paradigma

Meaning in English

Paradigma means a paradigm: a model, pattern, or framework used to understand something or to guide how something is done.

Common uses:

• A model/example to follow: a reference case that represents an ideal or standard.
• A conceptual framework: a set of ideas, methods, or assumptions that shapes how a field or group interprets reality (common in science, philosophy, sociology, etc.).
• A dominant way of thinking: the “accepted” approach at a given time (e.g., cambio de paradigma = “paradigm shift”).

Parts / form

• paradigma (noun)
• Plural: paradigmas
• Related expression: cambio de paradigma (paradigm shift)

Spanish synonyms

Depending on context:

• modelo
• patrón
• ejemplo
• referente
• arquetipo
• esquema (more like “framework”)
• marco (teórico) (theoretical framework)

Spanish antonyms

Not always direct, but possible opposites by meaning:

• anomalía (as something that doesn’t fit a model)
• excepción
• desviación
• anti-modelo (less common, but used)