sobrar

The Spanish verb "sobrar" generally means "to be left over," "to have in excess," or "to be more than enough."

Meaning:

1. To be left over, to remain:
   When used to indicate that there is some quantity remaining after a certain amount has been used or consumed.
   Example:

   • De la comida que cociné sobró mucho.
     ("There was a lot of food left over from what I cooked.")

2. To be in excess, to be too much:
   It can also be used to indicate that something is more than necessary or that there is a surplus.
   Example:

   • Sobran palabras para explicar.
     ("There are too many words unnecessary to explain it.")

3. Colloquial usage:
   Sometimes it is used to imply certainty or capacity, often with expressions like "me sobra tiempo" meaning "I have more than enough time."

Structure:

• The verb is a regular -ar verb.
• It can be reflexive as in sobrarse, sometimes used for emphasis in colloquial expressions.

Synonyms:

• Quedar (to remain) — when referring to leftover or remainder.
• Exceder (to exceed) — when referring to excess.
• Restar (to be left, to subtract) — somewhat related to the idea of remaining.

Antonyms:

• Faltar (to lack) — the opposite idea of missing or insufficient amount.
• Escasear (to be scarce, to run short) — related to not having enough.

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Summary:

Sobrar refers to having more than what is necessary or having some quantity leftover. It can express both literal leftover items (like food or time) and metaphorical excess (such as unnecessary words or actions). Its opposite meanings would be words indicating lack or shortage.