utfärda
issue
Att ge ut eller lämna något på ett formellt sätt, som ett papper, ett beslut eller ett tillstånd.
Definition & meaning
Utfärda is a Swedish verb meaning to issue, grant, or officially produce a document, certificate, permit, ticket, or similar item.
It is used when an authority, organization, or authorized person formally creates and hands out something official:
- to issue a passport, certificate, or license
- to grant or issue a permit
- to publish or promulgate an official regulation or order
- to issue a ticket or invoice
Examples:
- Myndigheten utfärdar pass. — “The authority issues passports.”
- Läkaren utfärdade ett intyg. — “The doctor issued a certificate.”
- Polisen utfärdade en bot. — “The police issued a fine.”
In some contexts, utfärda can mean to impose or issue an official penalty, especially a fine.
Grammar & Word origin
Utfärda is a regular Swedish verb.
- Infinitive: utfärda
- Present tense: utfärdar
- Past tense: utfärdade
- Supine: utfärdat
- Imperative: utfärda
It is usually a transitive verb, meaning that it normally takes a direct object: something is issued.
The word consists of:
Its original idea is therefore to “send something out,” which developed into the modern official meaning of issuing a document or decision.
Synonyms & antonyms
Synonyms
- ge ut — “to issue” or “publish.” This is broader and can refer to books, publications, or official documents, while utfärda is more formal and administrative.
- bevilja — “to grant” or “approve.” This focuses on giving permission or approval, whereas utfärda focuses on formally producing the document or decision.
- tilldela — “to award” or “allocate.” This emphasizes giving something to a person rather than officially issuing it.
- emittera — “to issue,” especially shares, securities, or money. It is more specialized and financial.
- påföra — “to impose” or “charge.” This can overlap with utfärda when referring to a fine or charge, but it emphasizes placing an obligation on someone.
Antonyms
There is no single exact antonym in all contexts. Depending on the situation, possible opposites include:
- återkalla — “to revoke” or “recall” something that has already been issued.
- dra in — “to withdraw” or “take back,” often used for permits, licenses, or benefits.
- annullera — “to annul” or “cancel” an official document or decision.
- avslå — “to reject” or “deny,” especially an application before anything is issued.
Common phrases & collocations
- utfärda ett pass — issue a passport
- utfärda ett certifikat — issue a certificate
- utfärda ett intyg — issue a document of certification
- utfärda ett tillstånd — issue a permit
- utfärda en licens — issue a license
- utfärda en biljett — issue a ticket
- utfärda en faktura — issue an invoice
- utfärda en bot — issue a fine
- utfärda föreskrifter — issue regulations or official rules
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Examples
Myndigheten ska utfärda pass.verb
The authority shall issue passports.
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